Lessons/Investment Banking
Interview masteryframework

M&A process and deal execution

Understand the sequence, documents, and judgment behind a live transaction.

12 min read · 3 question check
What you will be able to do
  • Know what each deal document accomplishes.
  • Price and certainty must be evaluated together.
  • A good process creates leverage without losing control of information.

Sell-side

Preparation, buyer outreach, bids, management meetings, diligence, negotiation, and closing create competitive tension.

Buy-side

Strategy, target screening, valuation, approach, diligence, and financing support a client's acquisition decision.

Documents

The teaser, NDA, CIM, IOI, LOI, purchase agreement, and closing materials each move commitment forward.

Worked example

A seller receives four IOIs, invites two parties to management meetings, then grants exclusivity after a stronger LOI that also offers financing certainty.

Interview framework
  1. 1Prepare: establish objectives, valuation, materials, and the buyer universe.
  2. 2Market: contact buyers, control information, and compare bids on price and certainty.
  3. 3Diligence and close: manage confirmatory work, negotiate protections, and track conditions to closing.
Check yourself

What normally follows execution of an NDA?

An LOI is generally:

Why does a seller run an auction?

Key takeaways
  • Know what each deal document accomplishes.
  • Price and certainty must be evaluated together.
  • A good process creates leverage without losing control of information.